To Electrify, Europe Needs Efficient, Demand-Flexible Appliances
The European Union (EU) has set an ambitious course for its clean energy transition. The European Commission’s Electrification Action Plan, which launched in July, aims to nearly double the share of electricity in the continent’s energy system, bringing it from 23% today to 46% by 2040. Achieving this would reduce reliance on imported fossil fuels, strengthen energy security, boost competitiveness, and lower costs.
But this shift to electrification hinges on how power is used across homes, businesses, and systems. Efficient, demand-flexible appliances can provide the foundation that allows the plan to succeed.
Appliance efficiency policy lowers electricity costs and protects power grids
Without efficiency, electrification becomes more expensive. In addition to costing people more to run, inefficient appliances add unnecessary demand to the power system, placing greater pressure on electricity grids. This can require the development of expensive new power infrastructure whose cost is passed on to ratepayers, further driving up electricity bills.
Moreover, the more electricity Europeans use, the more fossil fuels are used to produce it, linking people’s utility bills to volatile oil and gas prices. The dramatic rise in energy demand from data centers is only adding to this challenge.
Efficiency is becoming even more crucial as climate change brings more extreme weather events like heat waves, leading to greater use of appliances like air conditioners and fans. As power grids strain to manage these growing loads, inefficient appliances will heighten the challenge, increasing the risk of blackouts.
Credit: Shutterstock
Government action is therefore essential. Appliance policy is a proven, cost-effective solution for increasing the efficiency of the appliances and equipment people rely on every day.
Demand-flexible appliances unlock decarbonization and resilience
Efficiency alone isn’t enough to meet the goals of the Electrification Action Plan, however—Europe’s appliances must also be flexible.
Appliances equipped with smart controls can automatically shift electricity use to moments when renewable generation is abundant or energy demand is lower. This, combined with batteries that feed power into the grid when demand is highest, will enable electrification to unlock decarbonization and resilience. Together with efficiency, these measures can reduce the need for fossil fuel generation while keeping the grid strong when people need appliances most, such as during heat waves.
Analysis from the Regulatory Assistance Project, a global nonprofit focused on the energy transition, shows that many European households and businesses can already benefit from demand-side flexibility through programs designed to help them use electricity when it is cheaper, cleaner, and more plentiful. For example, German company 1KOMMA5° offers an AI-driven service that syncs automatically with home heat pumps to maximize their use of renewable energy.
While most of the programs the Regulatory Assistance Project studied don’t require demand-flexible appliances, these devices make it easier for consumers to participate and take full advantage of flexibility. However, while demand-flexible heat pumps, water heaters, electric vehicle chargers, and other appliances are readily available on the market today, they’re not always easy for consumers to identify. Including information about this feature on Europe’s appliance labels would address this barrier to adoption.
European appliance energy label
Credit: Shutterstock
Importantly, labeling would also help procurement specialists include these appliances in large-scale buys, as well as aid governments in supporting their growth.
A global energy solution
The benefits of efficient, flexible appliances are not limited to Europe. As governments around the world pursue electrification, pairing this activity with ambitious appliance policies can lower costs while building more secure, flexible, and affordable energy systems.
2025 CLASP Annual Report
Collective action for people,
prosperity, and planet.
A note from CLASP’s CEO,
Christine Egan
Appliance and equipment energy efficiency is a triple-win for people, planet, and prosperity. In a time of multiplying global crises, it stands out as a durable climate solution and key element of smart decarbonization strategies. It also creates jobs and improves livelihoods, enhances energy security and food system resilience, and helps people adapt to a changing climate.
Looking back at 2025, I’m wowed by the work of CLASP’s global team and dedicated partners, and the focus of the decisionmakers we support. Through purposeful collaboration, we forged the policy instruments, finance, and intelligence to drive positive momentum.
Together, we are changing the way we use energy.
2025 by the numbers:
4.6 Gt 18 CLASP-supported appliance and equipment efficiency policies will avoid 4.6 gigatons of CO2 by 2050, improving planetary and human health and saving money.
30K+ Over 30,000 people experienced improved health and livelihoods via access to efficient, solar powered appliances and equipment.
Skyline of Jakarta, Indonesia
Image credit: CLASP
Elevating Appliance Efficiency in National Climate Commitments
What we did
Ahead of COP30, CLASP led a global campaign to improve inclusion of appliance and equipment energy efficiency in national climate goals (nationally determined contributions or NDCs).
How we did it
Through our Net Zero Appliance NDC Toolkit and bespoke support for governments around the globe, CLASP elevated appliance efficiency policy as a key climate mitigation solution. Now, appliance and equipment efficiency policy is included in 90% of all submitted NDCs—up from below 50% in the last cycle.
Image credit: CLASP
Powering Africa’s Green Economy
Solar-powered appliances and equipment turn energy into opportunity, helping small businesses generate jobs and income. In 2025, CLASP re-launched our innovative Productive Use Financing Facility to make it cheaper and easier for entrepreneurs, farmers, and small businesses in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Nigeria to buy solar-powered appliances and equipment that power livelihoods. Last year, CLASP partnered with 11 companies to drive jobs and economic growth in Africa’s informal and agricultural sectors, which make up 70-80% of African economies.
Slashing Emissions Through Smart Policy
Australia
National leaders passed a lighting policy that will transition Australia’s market to an all-LED future and avoid 41 Mt of CO₂ by 2050, informed by CLASP-led analysis.
Brazil
Policymakers made strides in Brazil’s LED transition with CLASP’s support, approving a lighting policy package that will slash nearly 3 Mt CO₂ by 2050.
China
CLASP supported seven major policy updates, including for compressed air systems, refrigerators, and water pumps. Altogether, the new policies are estimated to cut nearly 3 Gt CO₂ by 2050.
India
CLASP supported the advancement of policies for space cooling appliances that will place India among global leaders in efficiency and cut 1.2 Gt CO₂ by 2050.
Image credit: ImageDB
Making Efficient, Affordable Fans the New Standard in India
India is one of the places on the planet most at risk of extreme heat. 90% of households rely on fans as their only form of space cooling. CLASP partnered with government and private sector partners to drastically improve fan efficiency, availability, and affordability. A major part of the effort was supporting small and medium enterprises to improve their production capacity.
The impact has been catalytic. Together, CLASP and partners cut energy demand and climate emissions from cooling, while safeguarding jobs, strengthening local supply chains, and making efficient cooling more affordable to the people who need it.
Joining Up with the Modern Energy Cooking Services (MECS) Programme
CLASP joined the UK Aid-supported MECS programme as a core partner alongside Loughborough University and the World Bank’s ESMAP. CLASP now leads on venture building and market shaping, helping e-cooking businesses scale up. In 2025, CLASP launched the Global LEAP Awards Induction Cooktops Competition to identify and promote the most innovative electric cooktops on the market.
How UK Housing Authorities Can Power the Switch to Electric Cooking
Global Action Plan, in partnership with CLASP, piloted gas-to-electric cooking retrofits in a social housing community in Manchester.
For participating households, switching to electric meant more than lower emissions. It meant breathing more easily in the kitchen, a cleaner and more practical cooking experience, and greater peace of mind for families with young children. Every household preferred its new induction cooktop over gas.
Watch the video:
Image credit: CLASP
Economies Can Boom When Powered by Efficient Motor Systems
Industrial motor systems are the invisible heartbeat of economic development. Universally used across industrial facilities, they power the production of goods like metals, paper, cement, textiles, and packaged food. Motor systems are also ferocious energy consumers, due to their function and prevalence. Without intervention, and in step with global economic development and industrialization, by 2050 motor systems will account for 35% of global electricity demand and 19% of energy related emissions. CLASP is taking action on this priority appliance in the fight for Net Zero, identifying high impact opportunities at national and global scales to drive up efficiency, slash emissions, and boost economic progress.
Image credit: CLASP
In Brazil, Partnering for Change
Ahead of COP30 in Brazil, CLASP joined forces with science communication agency Bori to drive national awareness of the benefits of appliance efficiency. Our InfoEnergia Mentorship was an 8-week, in-depth workshop that connected 25 journalists with experts and expertise to produce smart, contextualized reporting on appliance efficiency and its social, economic, and environmental impacts. Robust local journalism is a key element of durable climate policy.
Elevating Appliance-Centered Solutions at COP30
At COP 30 in Brazil, appliance and equipment energy efficiency stood out as a powerful climate solution, driving job creation, energy security, and adaptive capacity. CLASP provided expert testimony on the power of appliance efficiency solutions.
Insights driving action
Delivering COP28’s Doubling Efficiency Goal Through Appliances
Appliance efficiency will play a critical role in meeting the COP28 commitment to double the global rate of energy efficiency improvement by 2030. CLASP research found it could deliver 20% of the energy savings needed, highlighting the value of strong standards, clear targets, and international collaboration.
The Missing Piece of Energy Access
666 million people, most of them in Africa, lack access to electricity. 2025 CLASP research shows that directing just 15% of existing energy investments toward efficient appliances can generate the demand needed to make grid expansions financially viable and help those currently living without electricity gain access to healthier, more productive lives.
Finances
- Revenue by donor type
- Expenses by region
- CLASP collaborates with a global network of partners. In 2025, CLASP channeled nearly half our resources to civil society and energy groups, innovators, academic institutions, and experts — essential partners in changing the way we use energy.
About CLASP
Efficient appliances and equipment are essential drivers of economic growth and a fast, practical energy transition. With over 25 years of expertise and offices on five continents, CLASP collaborates with governments, industry leaders, and other experts to change the way we use energy.
We’re proud of what our team and partners achieved in 2025, driving progress for a better world. In 2026, we remain committed to championing appliance efficiency as a powerful solution for people, prosperity, and planet.
CLASP Contributes to European Commission Dialogue on Energy-Efficient Products
In October 2025, CLASP was invited to join policymakers, manufacturers, retailers, civil society representatives, and market surveillance authorities at the European Commission’s implementation dialogue on energy-efficient product legislation.
Hosted by Commissioner for Energy and Housing Dan Jørgensen, the discussion focused on how to strengthen the implementation, enforcement, and real-world impact of the European Union’s (EU) product efficiency policies.
During the dialogue, Nicole Kearney, the director of CLASP’s Europe program, highlighted that ambitious ecodesign and energy labeling policies drive progress far beyond the EU’s borders. Drawing on CLASP’s global experience and collaboration with policymakers, she noted how countries like Australia, Brazil, China, India, and South Africa often look to EU policies as models for their own frameworks—or even adopt them directly.
“The European Union sets the pace for global progress on energy and climate through product efficiency,” Kearney said. “Every step forward in Brussels accelerates action worldwide, and every delay slows it down.”
Left to right: Nicole Kearney, Director at CLASP, Adam McCarthy, Secretary General of the European Tyre and Rubber Manufacturers Association, and Siada El Ramly, Head of Government Affairs EU at eBay at the European Commission's Implementation Dialogue on energy efficiency of products in October 2025.
[Photo: Lukasz Kobus] © European Union, 2025, CC BY 4.0
Most organizations present stressed the need for clear, transparent, and well-resourced policy processes to minimize delays and enable the EU to achieve its climate and energy objectives. Many emphasized the importance of strengthening market surveillance and compliance mechanisms and supporting them with additional resources.
CLASP also called for deeper civil society engagement in standards development to help ensure that standards remain relevant, ambitious, and responsive to technological innovation.
In addition, CLASP believes that improved coordination, digital tools, and consistent guidance across EU Member States are key to ensuring that products sold on the market meet EU efficiency standards.
CLASP is proud to support the European Commission and EU Member States in strengthening product efficiency policies that benefit people, businesses, and the planet, in Europe and beyond.
CLASP Cooks Up Change at Brussels Event
In early November, CLASP joined global experts in Brussels, Belgium, to discuss the path toward electrifying cooking in Europe—a crucial but often overlooked step in building decarbonization. The daylong meeting brought together representatives from CLASP, E3G, ECOS, European Public Health Alliance (EPHA), Global Cooksafe Coalition, PSE Healthy Energy, Respire, and Universitat Jaume I.
The event took place as the European Union revises its ecodesign product regulations for cooking appliances. Today, less than half of Europeans use electricity to cook food, although clean cooking is more efficient, healthier, safer, and affordable than cooking with gas. The revision is an important opportunity to bring these benefits to people across the European market, while also making it easier for consumers to compare different hob models.
In panel discussions, speakers emphasized that cooking electrification is an important piece of the building decarbonization puzzle and noted that full household decarbonization may not happen without targeted support for cooking electrification. They also stressed the importance of an equitable, universal transition to clean cooking and discussed the critical role of consumer education in facilitating this transition.
The event featured a live induction cooking demo and food tasting with MasterChef UK winner Ping Coombes. Coombes demonstrated the versatility of electric cooking by creating a smoky flavor—often associated with open-flame cooking—in a wok heated by an inexpensive portable induction hob.
Learn more about CLASP’s work on electrifying cooking in Europe.
Cooking for Health and Climate: Insights from a UK Retrofit
A shift is underway in how people power their homes across Europe, driven by climate targets and energy security concerns. Much of the momentum has focused on heating and cooling, with fossil fuel boilers being replaced by electric heat pumps and other low-carbon systems. But many kitchens are being left behind.
For over 15 million households in the United Kingdom (UK), cooking with gas is still the norm. This comes with hidden risks, including indoor air pollution from substances like nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide, and benzene. These pollutants carry significant health impacts: NO2 has been linked to asthma, lung disease, and other serious health conditions, and benzene is a known carcinogen. Beyond the health risks, even when not in use, gas stoves can also leak methane, a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change.
A recent pilot project led by Global Action Plan, in partnership with CLASP, shows how switching to electric cooking can significantly improve people’s quality of life, while helping the UK meet its climate goals.
A gas-to-electric cooking retrofit in Manchester
In early 2025, Global Action Plan and CLASP partnered with Greater Manchester Combined Authority, Southway Housing, Beko, B&Q, and Electrolux to launch a social housing retrofit pilot. The goal: Remove gas cookers from ten Manchester homes and replace them with electric ovens and induction cooktops.
Each of the participating households had already completed a heating retrofit, making cooking the final milestone in the journey to full household decarbonization, which would allow them to disconnect from the gas network and remove the standing charge from their energy bills. Residents were surveyed and interviewed before and after the switch, providing valuable insights into the process of transitioning, as well as the benefits of electric cooking.
What the retrofit revealed
The results were striking:
- All participating households preferred their new induction cooktops to their old gas ones.
- 85% found the transition easy or very easy.
- Awareness of the impact of gas cooking on indoor air quality jumped from 40% to 100%.
For some, the retrofit was life-changing. Farrah, a resident with asthma, said she needed her inhaler while cooking on gas. With her new induction cooktop, she can now breathe easier in her kitchen. Others, like June, initially hesitated to give up gas. But once she adapted to the touchscreen controls, she found induction easier to use and kinder on her arthritis. Stacie, a mother of two, felt safer without gas in the home. The residents’ experiences point to a clear conclusion: electric cooking is easy to adopt, comes with tangible benefits, and is favored by the people who have made the switch.
How local and national governments can help
The pilot project didn’t just highlight the real-world benefits of electric cooking—it also showed how widespread adoption is possible with the right support and created a model for scaling it across the UK. Based on the project’s insights, Global Action Plan and CLASP developed a checklist for local authorities to help plan and deliver cooking retrofits. From resident engagement to appliance provider selection, the guide provides a practical roadmap for replicating the Manchester pilot’s success of the Manchester pilot.
To support a national shift toward electric cooking in the UK, Global Action Plan and CLASP also released a report that provides policy pathways. The report was presented earlier this year during an event held in the UK Parliament, attended by members of Parliament, local policymakers, industry representatives, academics, local government officials, and public health professionals. The document outlines the steps needed to overcome barriers, like low public awareness and the exclusion of cooking appliances in current home retrofit schemes.
An equitable clean cooking transition
Moving the UK toward healthier, cleaner, and more efficient electric cooking is about far more than simply replacing appliances. Indoor air pollution from gas stoves disproportionately impacts vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions, making this a critical public health issue, as much an environmental one.
Achieving an equitable transition to modern cooking technologies requires addressing systemic barriers and prioritizing policies that support low-income families and other groups often left behind in clean energy initiatives. Beyond health and environmental benefits, electric cooking improves kitchen safety by eliminating open flames and gas leaks, in addition to reducing energy costs over time. Another benefit: Electric cooking is compatible with renewable energy and smart technologies that help households better manage their energy use, fostering more efficient and climate-friendly homes.
For more information about the retrofit pilot project: https://www.globalactionplan.org.uk/clean-air/gas-to-electric
Check out CLASP’s resources on the topic: https://www.clasp.ngo/cook-cleaner-europe/
International Benchmarking Analysis of Air Source Heat Pump and Chiller Standards
This report presents a technical assessment of testing methods, energy efficiency metrics, and minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) for air-to-water heat pumps and chillers in cooling mode across China, the European Union (EU), and the United States (US). These regions represent the largest markets for heat pump technologies, each employing distinct testing protocols, metrics, and requirements.
The analyses offer insights into how Chinese, EU, and US standards align or diverge, how performance comparisons can be made across energy efficiency standards, and where opportunities for international standard alignment exist.
Key findings:
- The US energy efficiency metric approximates 114% of China’s metric, while the EU’s metric differs by ±3% compared to China’s.
- China’s revised MEPS matches or exceeds EU and US efficiency benchmarks for low-capacity units.
- Requirements for high-capacity products in China still show room for improvement.
Europe
United Kingdom
European Union
Energy-Efficient Appliances Are Essential to the Global Climate Response
At the recent International Energy Agency (IEA) Global Conference on Energy Efficiency in Brussels, Bishal Thapa, Chief of Impact & Strategy at CLASP, sat down with We Don’t Have Time’s Nicholas Nuttall to make a compelling case for integrating appliance energy efficiency into global climate strategies.
His message was clear: energy efficiency isn’t just a technical solution; it’s a practical, equitable, and urgently needed approach to solving today’s intertwined energy and climate crises.
“Energy efficiency is about doing more with less,” Bishal explained. “It’s about using fewer resources to deliver better results.” This principle is especially powerful when applied to appliances and equipment, which account for approximately 40% of global energy-related emissions.
Watch the full interview for more insights:
Improving appliance energy efficiency is one of the fastest, most cost-effective ways to cut emissions. The benefits are far-reaching: efficient appliances reduce energy costs for consumers, expand access to clean electricity in underserved communities, and improve climate resilience and productivity.
“Efficient appliances are tools of equity, opportunity, and climate resilience and they’re ready now.”
With 666 million people around the world still lacking access to electricity, efficient appliances can make the difference between who gets power and who doesn’t, particularly in energy-constrained regions where every kilowatt-hour counts.