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Explore our research library of over 400 publications related to appliance efficiency, spanning topics like climate, energy access, and more.

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Take a look at our insights library for the latest feature articles, in-depth interviews, and compelling videos.

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Improving the efficiency of ten key appliances has substantial benefits for both people and the planet. Learn why we focus on these ten appliances.
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Featured Research

Residential Energy Consumption Patterns and Appliance Ownership in India: Insights From a 2024 Household Survey

06 May 2026

This report presents findings from a nationwide survey examining residential energy consumption, ownership, and usage patterns for appliances in India.

Report

2025 CLASP Annual Report

04 May 2026

Changing the way we use energy.

Report

514 results

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Market Assessment of Light Commercial Air Conditioners in India

This paper examines the methodologies and labeling thresholds adopted for room air conditioners in Japan, China, and South Korea in order to make recommendations for an impactful labeling policy in India.

17 Mar 2020

Assessing Annex III Fluorescent Lamp Exemptions in the Light of Scientific and Technical Progress

This report provides a technical assessment of the exemptions provided in Annex III of the Directive 2011/65/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2011 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances (RoHS) in electrical and electronic equipment for fluorescent lamp types.

28 Feb 2020

Quality Assurance for Off-Grid TVs and Fans: Lessons Learned and Paths Forward

The learning paper documents key learnings from testing and evaluating off-grid TVs and fans and provide recommendations for future quality assurance efforts.

12 Feb 2020

Use and Impact of Solar TVs

From 2018-2019, Efficiency for Access partnered with 60 Decibels to survey Global LEAP results-based financing customers in East Africa about their experiences with solar TVs. This analysis provides valuable insights into customers’ demographics, usage, and challenges with solar TVs.

06 Feb 2020

Residential End-Use Energy Consumption and Appliance Ownership Patterns in India

In 2019, CLASP worked with Environmental Design Solutions to conduct a first of its kind pan-India urban residential end-use survey and real-time appliance energy-use monitoring through Non-intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM). The study’s objective was to establish appliance ownership and usage patterns for urban households and develop a framework for data collection and analysis on energy end-use.

05 Feb 2020

Impact of Environmental Factors on Energy Efficiency of Room Air Conditioners in India

This paper details a preliminary study on the short-term impact of salinity, dust, and humidity on the energy efficiency of a room air conditioner (RAC).

05 Feb 2020

Policy Measures and Impact on the Market for Room Air Conditioners in India

The Policy Measures and Impact on the Market for Room Air Conditioners in India report analyses and discusses the trends in market growth, technology evolution and market transformation as a result of BEE’s policy program. The paper further explores possible efficiency improvements by 2030 and their climate impacts.

05 Feb 2020

Evaluating the Impacts of Mandatory Policies and Labelling Program for Appliances in India

This paper discusses the impacts of mandatory standards and India's labelling program as they relate to market growth, technology improvements, market transformation, and climate change mitigation.

05 Feb 2020

Evaluating Appliance Ownership and Usage Patterns in India

In 2019, CLASP worked with Environmental Design Solutions to conduct a first-of-its-kind pan-India urban residential end-use survey. The study evaluated appliance ownership and usage patterns for urban households and aimed to develop a framework for future data collection and analysis.

05 Feb 2020

Solar Milling: Exploring Market Requirements to Close the Commercial Viability

This report uses data collected from field testing results of solar mills in East Africa to analyze the market requirements for solar mills and assess their commercial viability.

27 Jan 2020

Practical Guidelines for Shipping Off-Grid Appliances

This essential guide includes a cost analysis, an overview of import and export regulations, and a set of practical steps to prepare a product for shipment for three appliance categories: small household appliances (e.g. TVs and fans), refrigerators and solar water pumps.

07 Jan 2020

Mercury-Free Alternatives to Certain Fluorescent Lamps: A Report to the European Commission’s Committee on the Restriction of Hazardous Substances

The Swedish Energy Agency and CLASP conducted a market and technology review to examine the availability of mercury-free lighting products to replace T5 and T8 linear fluorescent lamps and compact fluorescent lamps which are not integrally ballasted (CFLni).

19 Dec 2019

Global LEAP Awards Solar E-Waste Market Scoping Report

This Solar E-Waste Market Scoping Report outlines the current state of knowledge and activities on solar e-waste management in sub-Saharan Africa, as well as several barriers the Solar E-Waste Challenge should seek to address.

04 Nov 2019

2019 State of the Off-Grid Market Report

The 2019 State of the Off-Grid Appliance Market Report analyzes the major market trends for off-grid appropriate TVs, fans, and refrigerators across eight representative markets in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.

30 Oct 2019

2019 Global LEAP Awards Buyer’s Guide for Solar Water Pumps

The Global LEAP Awards Buyer’s Guide is a catalog of the world’s best off-grid appliances. This edition contains information about solar water pumps that were named Winners and Finalists in the 2019 Global LEAP Awards.

23 Oct 2019

2019 Global LEAP Awards Buyer’s Guide for Outstanding Off-Grid Refrigerators

The Global LEAP Awards Buyer’s Guide is a catalog of the world’s best off-grid appliances. This edition contains information about off-grid refrigerators that were named Winners and Finalists in the 2019 Global LEAP Awards.

23 Oct 2019

Solar Water Pump Outlook 2019: Global Trends and Market Opportunities

This report offers insights on the solar water pump market in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia like never before. Analysis underscores a growing business case for promotion and adoption—with an addressable market estimated at USD 15.6 billion—and identifies solutions to barriers preventing market scale.

04 Oct 2019

Compatibility and Interoperability Technology Roadmap

Compatibility and interoperability refer to the ability of systems and components to work together in the same environment, including the exchange of information. Both are key features of mature markets for a variety of technologies around the world. This technology roadmap outlines an important first step in defining the requirements for a mature off-grid industry.

04 Oct 2019

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Featured Research

Residential Energy Consumption Patterns and Appliance Ownership in India: Insights From a 2024 Household Survey

2025 CLASP Annual Report

Research Type

Impact

Appliance

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Tool

514 results

Market Assessment of Light Commercial Air Conditioners in India

Assessing Annex III Fluorescent Lamp Exemptions in the Light of Scientific and Technical Progress

Quality Assurance for Off-Grid TVs and Fans: Lessons Learned and Paths Forward

Use and Impact of Solar TVs

Residential End-Use Energy Consumption and Appliance Ownership Patterns in India

Impact of Environmental Factors on Energy Efficiency of Room Air Conditioners in India

Policy Measures and Impact on the Market for Room Air Conditioners in India

Evaluating the Impacts of Mandatory Policies and Labelling Program for Appliances in India

Evaluating Appliance Ownership and Usage Patterns in India

Solar Milling: Exploring Market Requirements to Close the Commercial Viability

Practical Guidelines for Shipping Off-Grid Appliances

Mercury-Free Alternatives to Certain Fluorescent Lamps: A Report to the European Commission’s Committee on the Restriction of Hazardous Substances

Global LEAP Awards Solar E-Waste Market Scoping Report

2019 State of the Off-Grid Market Report

2019 Global LEAP Awards Buyer’s Guide for Solar Water Pumps

2019 Global LEAP Awards Buyer’s Guide for Outstanding Off-Grid Refrigerators

Solar Water Pump Outlook 2019: Global Trends and Market Opportunities

Compatibility and Interoperability Technology Roadmap