The Global LEAP Awards Buyer’s Guide is a catalog of the world’s best-in-class appliances for off- and weak-grid environments. The 2020 Global LEAP Awards Electric Pressure Cookers competition was implemented by CLASP in partnership with the Modern Energy Cooking Services (MECS) program, and funded by UK aid. This edition contains information about electric pressure cookers named Winners and Finalists based on laboratory testing in the 2020 Global LEAP Awards Electric Pressure Cooker Competition.

The Buyer’s Guide serves as a procurement tool for distributed energy service companies and appliance distributors, and provides general market intelligence to other interested stakeholders. It includes rated product specifications, performance metrics based on laboratory testing, and sales contact information. The Global LEAP Awards identifies one Winner within each size category as the best overall product, with other high-quality products within the same category identified as Finalists. Overall, the Global LEAP Awards lists thirteen electric pressure cookers in the 2020 Buyer’s Guide designed for use in households and micro-enterprises served by off-grid energy systems, unreliable grid connections, and renewable mini-grids.

Download the 2020 Buyer’s Guide for Electric Pressure Cookers 

About 25 million households in India live without electricity, and many electrified households have unreliable power supply. India is one of the fastest-growing off-grid markets. According to GOGLA, 30% of the global volume share of standalone solar products were sold in India in 2018 — it is the world’s single largest market for portable lanterns. The solar market in India is quickly shifting focus on solar lighting to larger productive-use applications. In 2018, the Government of India announced an ambitious target to deploy more than one million solar pumps by 2022. To understand more about Indian consumers and their use-cases for productive use appliances, CLASP conducted a series of field visits in rural Bengaluru with the SELCO Foundation in February 2019. 

Indiganatha is a rural hamlet located in The Male Mahadeshwara Hills (MM Hills) with no access to grid electricity due to its location deep within a forest. Indiganatha is best known for its sacred temple of Sri Male Mahadeshwara, an important Shiva temple and religious pilgrimage site. While in town, we visited a small shop that sells snacks and beverages near the temple. The shop’s location was very remote; it could only be reached on foot. The shopkeeper, Eeranna, owns the only solar refrigerator in the entire village, a 240-liter Phocos refrigerator installed by the SELCO Foundation. Eeranna and his family sell cold beverages to pilgrims and tourists. On a typical day, the shop can sell about 15 bottles of cold beverage and generate 300 Indian Rupees (INR) in income. When Eeranna installed a solar home system in his shop, he also spotted a new business opportunity to offer customers mobile phone charging for 10 INR per charge.

Purchasing a solar refrigerator was a huge financial investment for Eeranna and his family. Through a Self Help Group (SHG), Earanna and his neighbors pooled their money together so he could purchase a refrigerator. The SHG served as a guarantee for Earanna to obtain a loan from a micro-finance institution. Eeranna procured an 80,000 INR loan for the refrigerator with a 2.5 year repayment period. While the 80,000 INR loan seems significant, selling cold beverages and phone charging services allowed Eeranna to earn more than 60,000 INR in six months. Eeranna was eventually able to pay back his loan early. Now Eeranna and his family are now looking into other off-grid appliances, such as a mixer to make and sell fresh juice in their shop and a grinder to prepare Dosa/Idly batter.

The next day, we visited two more customers, Thipperudrappa and his mother. Thipperudrappa is a road-side food truck entrepreneur who sells drink and snacks drivers at a toll plaza on the busy National Highway 4, which connects two major cities in the state of Karnataka, Bengaluru and Chitradurga. Thipperudrappa installed a 100L Devidayal DC refrigerator/freezer on his truck in order to sell cold food and beverages, and reduce financial losses from food spoilage.

Thipperudrappa’s mother described milk spoilage as the primary motive to purchase the new refrigerator. “Milk spoils very quickly in the summer, and once it does, we cannot sell it.” The solar refrigerator helps extend the product shelf-life of milk and other beverages, which in turn improves earning potential. Thipperudrappa’s mother told us that her income has increased since purchasing her DC refrigerator/freezer. On average, she sells 25 liters of beverage per day. The solar panels installed on her food truck serves as a free advertisement — people come to the truck and ask for the cold drinks when they see the solar panels.

The Efficiency for Access Coalition’s Off-Grid Appliance Market Survey 2018 identified off-grid refrigeration as one of the most demanded appliances across various sectors (agricultural, commercial and household). However, barriers like product availability, affordability and last-mile distribution continue to complicate the delivery of modern clean energy services to customers in rural India, like Eeranna and Thipperudrappa. Through programs like the Global LEAP Awards’ competition for off-grid refrigerators, the LEIA program aims to identify the best available cooling technologies and accelerate innovations in early-stage product markets.

About 25 million households in India live without electricity, and many electrified households have unreliable power supply. India is one of the fastest-growing off-grid markets. According to GOGLA, 30% of the global volume share of standalone solar products were sold in India in 2018 — it is the world’s single largest market for portable lanterns. The solar market in India is quickly shifting focus on solar lighting to larger productive-use applications. In 2018, the Government of India announced an ambitious target to deploy more than one million solar pumps by 2022. To understand more about Indian consumers and their use-cases for productive use appliances, CLASP conducted a series of field visits in rural Bengaluru with the SELCO Foundation in February 2019. 

Indiganatha is a rural hamlet located in The Male Mahadeshwara Hills (MM Hills) with no access to grid electricity due to its location deep within a forest. Indiganatha is best known for its sacred temple of Sri Male Mahadeshwara, an important Shiva temple and religious pilgrimage site. While in town, we visited a small shop that sells snacks and beverages near the temple. The shop’s location was very remote; it could only be reached on foot. The shopkeeper, Eeranna, owns the only solar refrigerator in the entire village, a 240-liter Phocos refrigerator installed by the SELCO Foundation. Eeranna and his family sell cold beverages to pilgrims and tourists. On a typical day, the shop can sell about 15 bottles of cold beverage and generate 300 Indian Rupees (INR) in income. When Eeranna installed a solar home system in his shop, he also spotted a new business opportunity to offer customers mobile phone charging for 10 INR per charge.

Purchasing a solar refrigerator was a huge financial investment for Eeranna and his family. Through a Self Help Group (SHG), Earanna and his neighbors pooled their money together so he could purchase a refrigerator. The SHG served as a guarantee for Earanna to obtain a loan from a micro-finance institution. Eeranna procured an 80,000 INR loan for the refrigerator with a 2.5 year repayment period. While the 80,000 INR loan seems significant, selling cold beverages and phone charging services allowed Eeranna to earn more than 60,000 INR in six months. Eeranna was eventually able to pay back his loan early. Now Eeranna and his family are now looking into other off-grid appliances, such as a mixer to make and sell fresh juice in their shop and a grinder to prepare Dosa/Idly batter.

The next day, we visited two more customers, Thipperudrappa and his mother. Thipperudrappa is a road-side food truck entrepreneur who sells drink and snacks drivers at a toll plaza on the busy National Highway 4, which connects two major cities in the state of Karnataka, Bengaluru and Chitradurga. Thipperudrappa installed a 100L Devidayal DC refrigerator/freezer on his truck in order to sell cold food and beverages, and reduce financial losses from food spoilage.

Thipperudrappa’s mother described milk spoilage as the primary motive to purchase the new refrigerator. “Milk spoils very quickly in the summer, and once it does, we cannot sell it.” The solar refrigerator helps extend the product shelf-life of milk and other beverages, which in turn improves earning potential. Thipperudrappa’s mother told us that her income has increased since purchasing her DC refrigerator/freezer. On average, she sells 25 liters of beverage per day. The solar panels installed on her food truck serves as a free advertisement — people come to the truck and ask for the cold drinks when they see the solar panels.

The Efficiency for Access Coalition’s Off-Grid Appliance Market Survey 2018 identified off-grid refrigeration as one of the most demanded appliances across various sectors (agricultural, commercial and household). However, barriers like product availability, affordability and last-mile distribution continue to complicate the delivery of modern clean energy services to customers in rural India, like Eeranna and Thipperudrappa. Through programs like the Global LEAP Awards’ competition for off-grid refrigerators, the LEIA program aims to identify the best available cooling technologies and accelerate innovations in early-stage product markets.

In a previous blog post, I talked about how high-performing off-grid appliances have a direct positive impact on almost all Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). As I teased in that post, Efficiency for Access Coalition’s #AppliancesEmpower campaign is now in full swing — and to kick off a series of spotlights on energy access and gender equality (SDGs 5 & 7) you can expect to hear more from our team and partners in the coming months.

Revisiting the gender-energy nexus through a productive use lens

The concept of the “productive use” of energy — activities that use energy to improve income and welfare — is rising exponentially as an area of interest in the distributed energy sector. Addressing energy poverty from a productive use angle not only enhances the ability of energy access activities to achieve scale and sustainability, but also increases the likelihood that their positive benefits will spill over to other SDGs. If productive uses of energy are properly harnessed and universal access to energy (SDG 7: clean energy) translates to new or increased socioeconomic benefits, then other SDGs related to economic development (e.g. SDG 1: no poverty; SDG 8: decent work and economic growth) or fundamental rights (e.g. SDG2: zero hunger; SDG6: clean water and sanitation) can be fully met.

When we hear the phrase “energy for productive use”, most people immediately associate the concept with agricultural technologies, such as milling or water pumping, or industrial activities, like welding or infrastructure development. However, household appliances can also be transformative from an income generation perspective, enabling micro-enterprises to attract more customers and increase revenues. Our recent article with Programme Partner, Power for All, makes the case for a more inclusive definition of “income-generating appliances” that includes fans, refrigerators, and other household appliances.

Regardless of scope or definition, it is clear that energy and productive use interventions have, to date, not taken gender differentials explicitly into account. This status quo is likely to deliver unequal impact outcomes: Men typically own more businesses (71% of enterprises in Tanzania are male-owned) and operate in a wider range of more energy-intensive activities such as construction and manufacturing (male-owned enterprises spend three times as much on electricity than women-owned counterparts in rural Tanzania), according to our campaign partner, ENERGIA.

To complicate things further, women in many developing countries are less likely to be employed in the formal economy, and often work in enterprises with lower energy demands, such as tailoring or food preparation. Finally, men typically employ other men in the businesses they run, whereas women employ women, thus perpetuating the gender divide for productive use applications in the absence of purposeful intervention.

A gendered perspective on the socio-economic benefits of off-grid appliances

Improving access to off-grid appliances has broader impacts on gender equality than increased economic opportunities. Solar water pumps and mills, for example, can also reduce time spent on household and farm chores alike, and the drudgery associated with traditionally female-led activities. This can include anything from being able to easily draw clean water for cooking, cleaning, and irrigation purposes mechanically rather than by hand, to being able to process a harvest automatically rather than having to sort and process grains manually. Similarly, household refrigerators can help keep prepared food, produce and dairy products cold, meaning not only that more items can be kept at the right temperature to unlock more sales and less waste, but also that women do not need to shop for and cook food for their families every day, opening up more of their time for other activities. In addition, televisions and mobile phones — appliances not traditionally considered under the “productive use” umbrella — can serve as a conduit for previously unavailable national, regional, and global information and perspectives. Expanded access to cable television is associated with positive changes across school enrollment, literacy, family planning, financial decisions, and health — all with significant relevance for positive change across corresponding SDGs.

The perception of many energy access practitioners and off-grid appliance distributors is supportive of the theory that the benefits accrued from the uptake of such technologies will differ between genders. In a recent Efficiency for Access survey, respondents were asked to rank the socioeconomic impacts of household appliances by the gender of the end-user. While demand for LED room lighting, mobile phone charging, and refrigeration showed little deviation, household appliances that support labor-intensive activities, such as hand power tools, clothes washers, sewing machines, and electric cookstoves demonstrated significant differences between genders, and all fell within prescribed gender norms.

Despite this variation, the relationship between access to income-generating appliances and its impact on shifting gender norms and socioeconomic outcomes remains largely unexplored. Productive use appliances are likely not reaching the full potential for women because the sector’s current focus is on larger, more industrial solutions whose incumbents have traditionally excluded women. Compounding this issue, there are indicators that women are also being left out of the loop for technology-enabled tools such as digital or mobile-based services targeting agriculture assistance. All these trickle-down effects add up to making the technology barrier even harder to overcome for women, and are a disservice to making progress towards SDG 10: reduced inequalities.

How can we move the narrative forward?

Most early movers in the distributed energy sector are still struggling to demonstrate the commercial viability of increasingly complex technologies in nascent and disorganized appliance markets, which provides a perfect opportunity to build in gender-sensitive approaches from the get-go. A more realistic understanding of the current state of play across the “productive use” spectrum will help companies develop more inclusive services, and eventually prove their impact potential. Blending consumer-facing design considerations and awareness-raising will, in turn, unlock more demand as well as financing structures, and therefore more support for proving the viability of and achieving true scale for productive use appliances.

Gender mainstreaming approaches for off-grid appliances that take into account both women’s involvement and empowerment — from design to distribution and use — can expand the productive customer base for entire communities. Prioritizing more traditionally “gendered” appliances like irons, sewing machines, and cooking solutions and supporting direct exploration of gender-positive business models can serve as a good starting point for the sector.

More gender-focused consumer research is the key: to parse out gendered usage patterns and preferences; unearth best practices in technology design, business models, and supportive activities; and pilot targeted design interventions to enable more women to participate in and benefit from scaling productive use appliances.

We will be raising a number of concrete suggestions to the abovementioned activities throughout the course of our #AppliancesEmpower campaign, which will run through March 2020. In collaboration with our campaign partners, you can look forward to posts and announcements across connections with health; disability inclusion; inclusive business models; emerging gender mainstreaming research and scoping; and lessons learned from positive interventions. Follow us on Medium, Twitter, and LinkedIn; to stay up to date on campaign developments, lend your voice in upcoming Twitter chats and webinars, and to pledge your commitment towards gender mainstreaming energy access efforts.

Improving the performance and affordability of off-grid appliances and equipment can help make critical income-generating and time-saving devices more accessible to consumers in developing economies. A typical household in sub-Saharan Africa owns 2-5 appliances, compared to the 30+ appliances found in a typical European or North American household. Achieving greater parity in appliance ownership could enable households and businesses in developing countries to realise significant productivity and quality of life improvements.

The inaugural 2018 Appliance Data Trends report presented the first snapshot of energy efficiency, product performance and market trends for off-grid appropriate appliances. Since then, the market has grown substantially. The 2021 Appliance Data Trends report builds on the 2018 iteration and presents updated product performance, energy efficiency, and pricing trends for off-grid appropriate televisions, fans, refrigerators, solar water pumps and early market insights for electric pressure cookers.

Download the 2021 Appliance Data Trends report.

About Efficiency for Access

Efficiency for Access is a global coalition working to promote renewable and energy efficient appliances to deliver clean energy to the world’s poorest people. It is coordinated jointly by CLASP and the UK’s Energy Saving Trust.

The first in a series, in this ‘Conversations with CLASP’ podcast episode, our CEO Christine Egan sits down virtually with Huda Jaffer, Director of SELCO Foundation.

“The silver lining to this pandemic is that we are seeing a renewed sense of urgency to be both self-reflective and act. I would rather we all implement, take action, and fail than be accused of inaction.”
-Huda Jaffer, Director of SELCO Foundation

The interview covers:

• The current situation in India for bottom of the pyramid off-grid communities
• Pandemic impact on the clean energy access ecosystem
• Specific opportunities for the off-grid solar sector to bolster pandemic response and recovery

Huda is a product/-service/-system’s designer with a keen interest in user-centric design specifically for sustainability and developmental issues. Over the past ten years at SELCO, she has played a critical role in growing the capacity and processes of the Foundation to build the ecosystem for sustainable energy access for the poor.

As the world copes with the shock of the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of appliances in mitigating its impacts, particularly in vulnerable off-grid communities, is becoming increasingly evident. Medical appliances are critical to run diagnostics and treat patients in health facilities. Televisions and radios enable people to stay informed and access education. Refrigerators help households preserve food and reduce trips to the market, and solar powered pumps provide water for drinking and sanitation.

The podcast can also be accessed on Spotify.

CLASP, in partnership with Sustainable Energy for All, conducted the fourth iteration of the Efficiency for Access Off-Grid Appliance Market Survey, a biennial survey that assesses the perceived consumer demand and development impact potential of a range of off-grid appropriate household, business/productive use, and healthcare technologies.

As with previous iterations, the 2020 edition of the Off-Grid Appliance Market Survey uses data collected from industry, policy and development stakeholders to characterize the market and provide unique insights into the dynamic needs of consumers and the potential positive socioeconomic impacts of off-grid appliances. Its findings contribute a key piece of market intelligence that will enhance our understanding of the global market and provide a framework for identifying business opportunities and high-impact interventions. Notably, the 2020 edition expands its analytical framework to explore perceived consumer demand and development impact off productive use/business appliances by gender and geographic region, allowing for a more comprehensive snapshot of the market today.

Spurred by the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 edition also includes a first-ever look into the needs of healthcare facilities during public health crises and pandemics. Past editions showcased equipment needs for health service delivery in un- and under-electrified areas. The 2020 survey builds on this work by examining pandemic-specific healthcare needs. The insights presented in this report will be especially valuable in the global COVID-19 response as healthcare professionals work to secure energy access for interventions. We hope these findings will also bolster preparations for future pandemics.

Please read the full report to see a detailed breakdown of perceived demand and impact rankings vary by appliance category, end-user gender, and geographic region across the years.

The 2020 Off-Grid Appliance Market Survey shares key insights on the perceived demand for, and impact of, off-grid appropriate appliances using data collected from 133 industry, policy, and development stakeholders. The survey results reflect the dynamic needs of off-grid consumers and aim to characterize the positive socioeconomic impact of a range of household appliances, productive use equipment, and healthcare technologies.

The 2020 survey was designed and administered by CLASP via the Efficiency for Access Coalition and Sustainable Energy for All. Building upon the previous three iterations of the survey (2014, 2016, and 2018) the 2020 Off-Grid Appliance Market Survey aims to equip stakeholders with the insights they need to accurately assess the market’s needs and shift their activities accordingly. This series, the only repeating survey of its kind, provides a unique perspective of how impact and demand perceptions have changed over the past six years. The results serve as a complement to consumer feedback, which is critical to increasing the uptake and effectiveness of appliances.

Download the Off-Grid Appliance Market Survey 2020 to learn more.

About Efficiency for Access

Efficiency for Access is a global coalition working to promote renewable and energy efficient appliances to deliver clean energy to the world’s poorest people. It is coordinated jointly by CLASP and the UK’s Energy Saving Trust.

The Global LEAP Off-Grid Cold Chain Challenge (OGCCC) was launched in August 2018 as part of the Ideas to Impact programme to fill information gaps about one component of the off-grid cold chain (cold storage) with the hopes of contributing to a larger discourse addressing off-grid cold chains designed to support smallholder farmers.

The OGCCC aimed to identify and reward the most appropriate technologies for off-grid cold storage, and by promoting the technologies and their associated business models, stimulate appropriate support from donors, investors and government. Ideas to Impact is funded by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) to test whether innovation inducement prizes can stimulate innovative solutions to longstanding development challenges for low-income households.

The OGCCC made its final prize awards in November 2019 and shortly afterwards, Itad (as Ideas to Impact’s Evaluation & Learning Team) carried out a review to understand if participating in the prize stimulated innovation among the participants.

The review also explored:

• What value the OGCCC offered compared to the broader system of interventions in the sector?
• What effect post-award activity aimed at raising awareness had among key stakeholders of off-grid cold storage?
• What has been learned from the experiences of the OGCCC participants in implementing their business models?

Download the Global LEAP Awards Off-Grid Cold Chain Follow-Up Report to learn more.

About Efficiency for Access

Efficiency for Access is a global coalition working to promote renewable and energy efficient appliances to deliver clean energy to the world’s poorest people. It is coordinated jointly by CLASP and the UK’s Energy Saving Trust.

In 2020, the Global LEAP Awards launched the inaugural Electric Pressure Cooker (EPC) Competition. Through the Electric Cooking Impact Series, we share insights into the role of EPCs in enhancing community resiliency to global shocks like the COVID-19 pandemic. 

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, millions of families across the globe are spending more time at home and are now responsible for previously outsourced daily chores like food preparation. In Kenya, COVID-19 has led to increased sales of electric pressure cookers (EPC) among top retailers. With support from EnDev, the Global LEAP Awards Results-Based Financing programme is facilitating the sale of 5,000 EPCs in Kenya to bolster community resiliency to COVID-19.

COVID-19 Leads to Increased EPC Sales

One week after the first case of coronavirus was reported in Kenya, President Kenyatta announced a nationwide dusk-to-dawn curfew and advised all citizens to stay home. This mandate closed restaurants and markets that catered to millions of daily patrons across the country, and an estimated two million domestic workers responsible for preparing meals for the growing middle-class were required to stay home.

While many businesses have been severely impacted by the pandemic, top appliance retailers in Kenya reported an increase in the sale of electric pressure cookers, a convenient, cost-effective and energy-efficient cooking solution.

While EPCs are a relatively new appliance in the Kenyan market, they are uniquely positioned to cook a variety of traditional Kenyan dishes, like long-simmering beans and meat stews, using a combination of pressure and heat.

Kenyans Still Rely On Biomass Cooking Fuels

Though dangerous and expensive, the majority of Kenyan households (74%) still rely on biomass like firewood and charcoal as their primary source of fuel—with the highest usage (93.2%) in rural areas. But across the country, wood and charcoal is becoming increasingly expensive.

Low-income households are at highest risk for price volatility as they make smaller, individual purchases of cooking fuel for daily or weekly use. In February 2018 the Kenyan government implemented a logging ban aimed at addressing rapid deforestation resulting from charcoal reliance. According to the World Agroforestry Centre, Kenya’s forest cover has substantially decreased over the past fifty years and is now below the ten percent benchmark recommended by the United Nations.

Burn Manufacturing, one of the leading manufacturers of efficient charcoal-powered cookstoves in Kenya, conducted a small survey of 181 charcoal stove customers in April to better understand the cost increase and accessibility of charcoal in Kenya since the start of the pandemic.

Burn found that since the start of the pandemic, charcoal has become increasingly inaccessible and expensive (figures 1 and 2). Households reliant on charcoal are also some of the hardest hit by the pandemic. By June, over one million Kenyans had lost their jobs or were been put on indefinite leave.

Figure 1: Has accessing charcoal become more difficult since the onset of the pandemic? 

Figure 2: Have charcoal prices increased since the onset of the pandemic?

The Dangers of Biomass Cooking 

Exposure to household air pollution (HAP) from hazardous biomass fuels like wood, charcoal, and kerosene leads to the death of 14,300 Kenyans per year, directly impacting the health of 14.9 million. Acute respiratory infections, often caused by HAP, are the second leading cause of death in the country, accounting for 26% of all hospital deaths.

In an Efficiency for Access Coalition pilot studying the uptake and impact of EPCs with PowerGen microgrid customers in rural Tanzania, users reported that health issues like eye irritation and coughing improved with EPC usage. Although customers continued “stove stacking” and still used biomass to cook certain dishes, EPCs did reduce some exposure to HAP.

Women and children are the main groups affected by HAP in households using open fires or charcoal. In response to the pandemic, the Government of Kenya has closed all in-person schools for the duration of the year. Now families must prepare all daily meals and children face greater risk of exposure when stuck at home surrounded by biomass cooking.

Scaling Electric Cooking through Financing Mechanisms 

The high upfront cost of switching to sustainable cooking solutions like EPCs is the most widely cited challenge to e-cooking in low-income communities. While common charcoal stoves sold in markets across Kenya cost between $3-5 on average, EPCs can range from $90-200 USD.  The Tanzania study found that the majority (86%) of EPC customers could not have afforded the appliance without a loan facility.

Greater access to consumer financing options, including more local currency financing and longer loan tenors, would increase uptake of EPCs. Donors, investors and other stakeholders involved in financing projects in the cooking sector must allocate more resources to support the availability of pay-as-you-go (PAYGo) contracts. PAYGo and financing facilities will assist households frustrated by the increasing costs of traditional fuels transition to more sustainable and cost-effective cooking mechanisms.

LEAP+RBF seeks to increase the uptake of EPCs and transition households in urban, peri-urban and rural areas to more sustainable sources of energy. Through the pilot, the Global LEAP Awards aims to demonstrate the role of e-cooking in building healthy, safe and resilient communities.

The Global LEAP Awards Results-Based Financing EPC pilot is supported by EnDev. The Global LEAP Awards is currently conducting the inaugural Electric Pressure Cooker Competition to identify best-in-class EPCs suitable for off- and weak-grid environments.

For more on electric pressure cookers:

• The Global LEAP Awards Launches Competition for Electric Pressure Cookers 
• Electric Pressure Cooking: Accelerating Microgrid E-Cooking Through Business & Delivery Model Innovations